![]() Paper eating: an unusual obsessive-compulsive disorder dimension. Repetitive behaviors in schizophrenia: a single disturbance or discrete symptoms? Schizophr Res. Tracy JI, de Leon J, Qureshi G, McCann EM, McGrory A, Josiassen RC. Fifteen-minute consultation: the child with pica. Pica behaviors in a German community-based online adolescent and adult sample: an examination of substances, triggers, and associated pathology. Mental ill-health in adults with intellectual disabilities: prevalence and associated factors. Comorbid psychopathology in adults with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disabilities. Pica in people with intellectual disability: a literature review of aetiology, epidemiology and complications. 2018 51(8):994–8.įields V, Soke G, Reynolds A, Tian L, Wiggins L, Maenner M, et al. Prevalence in primary school youth of pica and rumination behavior: the understudied feeding disorders. Murray HB, Thomas JJ, Hinz A, Munsch S, Hilbert A. Prevalence of pica and rumination behaviors in German children aged 7-14 and their associations with feeding, eating, and general psychopathology: a population-based study. Hartmann AS, Poulain T, Vogel M, Hiemisch A, Kiess W, Hilbert A. Pica practices of pregnant women are associated with lower maternal hemoglobin level at delivery. Pica in pregnancy in a privileged population: myth or reality. A meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of pica during pregnancy and the postpartum period. ![]() Internalized stigma of mental illness (ISMI) scale: a multinational review. Pica and rumination behavior among individuals seeking treatment for eating disorders or obesity. Basel: Springer International Publishing 2016.ĭelaney CB, Eddy KT, Hartmann AS, Becker AE, Murray HB, Thomas JJ. Pica in individuals with developmental disabilities. New York: Columbia University Press 2011. The use to eat clay, starch, ice and chalk. Pica in pregnancy: new ideas about an old condition. Geophagy (soil-eating) in relation to anemia and helminth infection among HIV–infected pregnant women in Tanzania. Kosuke Kawai K, Saathoff E, Antelman G, Msamanga G, Fawzi WW. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association 2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association 1994.Īmerican Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-4). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association 1975.Īmerican Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-3). Implications of historical evidence for the classification of eating disorders. Hartmann AS, Becker AE, Hampton C, Bryant-Waugh R. ![]() A meta-analysis of pica and micronutrient status. Eating disorders-related hospitalizations in Portugal: a nationwide study from 2000 to 2014. ![]() ![]() 2019 15(3):164–9.Ĭruz AM, Goncalves-Pinho M, Santos JV, Coutinho F, Brandao I, Freitas A. Pica: a common condition that is commonly missed-an update review. Randomized controlled trials need to be conducted to further investigate the effects of promising methods which include non-contingent reinforcement, differential reinforcement, and environmental enrichment on an empirical basis. Research focusing on treatment methods proposes combinations of mainly reinforcement-based techniques, whereas punishment-based techniques should only be applied as a last resort. Consequently, effective treatment methods which target the etiological mechanisms and thus minimize the risks associated with and reduce pica behavior are scarce. Etiological mechanisms are not yet understood. Reported prevalence rates vary widely and seem to decline with age. Pica behavior is relatively common, especially among children, persons with intellectual disabilities, and pregnant women and in some African communities within or outside of Africa. Pica disorder can have strong, burdensome effects on the quality of life both of the affected individuals and of those close to them. ![]()
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